This conceptualization is often referred to as a staffing model. However, estimating how many people are needed is difficult at best.Īll organizations base staffing decisions on a paradigm of the underlying production process, whether they do so explicitly or not and whether it approaches reality or not. The expectation of the system safety philosophy is that high standards for safety in the aviation industry can be maintained with the same or fewer people. For example, the FAA’s adoption of the system safety philosophy radically changes the nature of many ASI jobs and, as a consequence, the skills required to perform them. It is important to recognize that determining the appropriate number of aviation safety inspectors (ASIs), system-wide or locally, at any given time is by no means a simple matter, since it is dependent on how work is structured and what defines acceptable individual and system performance, as well as the characteristics of the current and projected workforce. In Chapter 4 we discuss these and other considerations that are also important for effective deployment of human resources. In this chapter, we concentrate on models for manpower management, that is, for deciding how many workers, of what general types, are needed to staff the organization without regard for specific job characteristics, worker qualifications, or performance standards. While manpower planning and management, and the models used in these activities, are important parts of the overall staffing picture, many other factors enter into human resource management, as noted earlier. How effectively an organization is able to meet those needs, once they are defined, depends on both its staffing processes and the characteristics of the available human resource pool. Staffing needs are determined mainly by how the organization has defined its goals and designed the jobs that make up its total workload. As explained in Chapter 1, these are tools that enable the organization to determine the right number of people with the right skill sets in the right positions to accomplish the responsibilities of the job in a satisfactory manner. At the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), staffing models and staffing standards are terms used to denote tools for the management of manpower only. The term “staffing” is often used to refer to a range of processes, such as recruitment, selection, placement, and training, through which an organization applies human resources to the work needed for it to achieve its goals (Schneider, 1976).
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